Rape and sexual enslavement are crimes against humanity
* News Release Issued by the International Secretariat of Amnesty International *
Website: http://www.amnesty.org
22 February 2001 EUR 63/004/2001 33/01
Today's verdict by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia that rape and sexual enslavement are
crimes again humanity, challenges widespread acceptance that the torture of women is an intrinsic part of war, Amnesty
International said today welcoming the landmark decision.
"This verdict is a significant step for women's human rights - sexual enslavement in armed conflict is now legally
acknowledged as a crime against humanity and perpetrators can and must be held to account," the organization said.
Three Bosnian Serb men were found guilty of rape of Bosniac (Bosnian Muslim) women and girls - some as young as 12 and
15 years of age, in Foca, eastern Bosnia-Herzegovina, classified as a crime against humanity and a war crime. Two of the
accused were also found guilty of sexual enslavement as a crime against humanity by holding women and girls captive in a
number of de facto detention centres in and around Foca. Many victims subsequently "disappeared".
"The Foca verdict also recognizes that the sexual violence suffered by these women formed part of a widespread and
systematic attack against a civilian population."
Zoran Vukovic, Radomir Kovac and Dragoljub Kunarac, who had been jointly accused on 33 counts of war crimes and crimes
against humanity, were convicted and sentenced to respectively 12, 20 and 28 years' imprisonment. Dragoljub Kunarac, the
commander of a reconnaissance unit in the Bosnian Serb Army, was found guilty both on the basis of individual and
command responsibility.
The indictment in the Foca case originally included eight suspects, of whom so far only three have been brought to
justice. Amnesty International is again appealing to the Stabilization Forces (SFOR) and the local governments in
Bosnia-Herzegovina and the government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to arrest and transfer those suspects
indicted for such crimes against humanity to the custody of the Tribunal.
Background The Foca trial, which opened in March 2000, focused entirely on sexual crimes against women and heard the
testimonies of 25 victims. Their identity was not revealed in order to protect them from retribution. All of them
testified that they had suffered severe physical and psychological trauma as a result of the sexual abuse they had
undergone.
Three remaining suspects named in the indictment remain at liberty. Two others, Dragan Gagovic (the war-time police
commander of Foca) and Janko Janjic were killed during attempts to arrest them by SFOR in 1999 and 2000.
Amnesty International - currently engaged in its third world-wide campaign against torture - has consistently held that
rape of women in custody by officials, or de facto officials, constitutes torture.
ENDS