* News Release Issued by the International Secretariat of Amnesty International *
29 November 2000 ASA 13/008/2000 222/00
Widespread and persistent torture has been routinely ignored by successive governments and major political parties
since Bangladesh's independence in 1971, Amnesty International said today in a new report launched in Dhaka as part of
the organization's global Campaign Against Torture.
"For too long torture has been accepted as normal behaviour by governments. Anyone can be tortured and it is usually
only the politically well-connected who get any protection. The government should take determined action to protect
everyone -- not just a select few," Amnesty International said.
Victims can be children, women, the elderly, political dissidents, criminal suspects, or innocent bystanders. Methods
of torture include; beating with rifle butts, iron rods, bamboo sticks, hanging by the hands from the ceiling, rape,
"water treatment"" in which hose pipes are fixed into each nostril and taps turned on full for two minutes at a time,
the use of pliers to crush fingers, and electric shocks.
Scores of people have died in custody as a result of torture. One Bangladeshi human rights organization, Odhikar, puts
the number at 49 from January to September this year. After being beaten by police in Dhaka on 3 July 1999, Shah
Mohammed Tiku fell into a pond. He was unable to swim and police watched as he drowned, preventing people from helping
him.
Custodial rape has been a serious problem in Bangladesh. Victims of rape often have to rely on the support and
resilience of their family to seek justice. Sadly, it has been mostly in cases where the victim has been murdered or
there has been public outcry that any action has been taken. Many cases of violence against women take place at the
hands of private individuals and it is common for police not to take action against alleged perpetrators on payment of a
bribe.
Torture and ill-treatment is not always carried out behind closed doors. Police frequently attack demonstrators and in
an attempt to hide their actions, they also beat the journalists reporting such protests.
On 9 August 1999, journalist Debu Prasad Das was taking photographs of a strike by truck transport labourers near
Chittagong when several police officers beat him with sticks and rifle butts. Debu Prasad Das knows the names of the
policemen who beat him but did not include them in his complaint for fear of retaliation. Police officers harassed him
to withdraw the complaint and have offered to pay the medical bill of 40,000 Taka.
In Dhaka, 81-year-old Sheikh Shahabuddin Ahmed, was tortured by police on the day of his arrest, 7 July 1998. Sheikh
Shahabuddin Ahmed was president of an association which worked against drugs and criminal activity. He said "The
criminal gangs were working directly with the police who came to arrest me saying I was stopping business activity in
the area. In fact we were only trying to stop criminal activity and drug abuse." After sending appeals to the Home
Minister, Prime Minister and the Inspector General of Police seeking punishment of those who tortured him, he was told
one of his torturers was dismissed, but should not expect any further action or compensation.
Police officials in Bangladesh admit privately that torture takes place but they take a lenient approach, blaming it
mostly on the low income of police officers. In other cases, police officers may be involved in criminal activity such
as trading in drugs or contraband, and torture people to stop them taking action against them. Torture of political
opponents is believed to be ordered by politicians. Police may also torture for personal gratification as is the case
with rape. However, the majority of cases involve torturing people to confess to a crime they didn't commit. All of this
continues because successive governments allow it to. It is rare that cases are investigated and even fewer are brought
to justice.
Bangladesh ratified the Convention Against Torture in 1998. Torture is forbidden under the Constitution and it is a
criminal act under the Penal Code. However legislation which facilitates torture, for example by allowing for detention
without an arrest warrant, is still in place.
Amnesty International's report makes several recommendations to the Government of Bangladesh. These include; ensuring
no law facilitates torture, that allegations of torture are investigated, that torturers are brought to justice, that
police are trained in torture-free methods of interrogation and that victims are compensated.
"Torture should not be accepted as a necessary act or a part of life -- it is a human rights violation. The government
should take up the challenge to make a difference in Bangladesh by ending years of endemic torture," the organization
said.
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