VZCZCXRO0899
PP RUEHCHI RUEHFK RUEHHM RUEHKSO RUEHNAG RUEHNH RUEHPB
DE RUEHHI #0243/01 0600934
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 290934Z FEB 08
FM AMEMBASSY HANOI
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 7288
INFO RUEHHM/AMCONSUL HO CHI MINH 4356
RUCNASE/ASEAN MEMBER COLLECTIVE
RUEHZU/ASIAN PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHINGTON DC
RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON DC
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 HANOI 000243
SIPDIS
SIPDIS
SINGAPORE FOR TREASURY
TREASURY FOR SCHUN
USTR FOR BISBEE
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: ETRD EAGR EFIN EFIS EIND EPET ECON KTDB KTEX VM
SUBJECT: VIETNAM TRADE IN 2007: U.S. EXPORTS UP 73 PERCENT, TOTAL
TRADE ABOVE $100 BILLION
HANOI 00000243 001.2 OF 004
1. Summary. Vietnam's total trade with the world broke the $100
billion mark in 2007, capping 16 consecutive years of expanding
trade with a 29 percent increase over 2006. U.S. exporters also
gained in 2007 as U.S. exports grew 73 percent, three times as fast
as Vietnamese exports to the United States. Compared to 2006, U.S.
vehicle exports were five times as high and U.S. agricultural
exports to Vietnam more than doubled. Other U.S. export categories
grew significantly as well, such as diverse machinery, plastics and
iron and steel. The United States remains Vietnam's largest export
destination, topping $10 billion dollars in 2007. Vietnam remains a
net importer and 2007 was the seventeenth year in a row in which it
ran a trade deficit. Vietnam's trade deficit with the world more
than doubled in 2007, reaching a total of $12.4 billion. End
Summary.
TOTAL TRADE VOLUME
------------------
2. In 2007 Vietnam's total trade volume in goods with the world
passed the $100 billion mark for the first time, reaching $109.2
billion, a 29 percent increase over the $84.7 billion reached in
2006. Total trade in services over the same period increased from
$10.22 billion to $12.43 billion. Total trade volume in Vietnam has
increased every year for the last 16 years.
3. This cable uses trade U.S. statistics compiled by the Department
of Commerce and Census Bureau for most of the section on our
bilateral trade with Vietnam. The section on Vietnam's trade with
the world uses the newly-released 2007 numbers compiled by General
Statistics Office (GSO) of the Government of Vietnam (GVN). One
explanation for the difference between figures from Vietnam's GSO
and those compiled by the USG is the time lag due to sea transport
of the good and the fact that a good that counts as an export by
Vietnam is calculated by GSO on an free on board (FOB) basis, while
the same good under U.S. statistics is counted as an import whose
value includes cost, insurance and freight (CIF) in its import
data.
U.S. EXPORTS TO VIETNAM POST RECORD GAINS
-----------------------------------------
4. In terms of single countries, the United States is Vietnam's
third largest trade partner, after China and Japan, and its largest
export market. Total two-way trade in goods with the United States
in 2007 was $12.53 billion up 29 percent from the $9.67 billion
total in 2006, according to the U.S. Department of Commerce
end-of-the-year numbers released in February 2008.
5. One of the most positive stories of the 2007 trade figures is
the surge in U.S. exports to Vietnam, which increased by 73 percent
to $1.9 billion from $1.1 billion in 2006, as measured by the USG.
U.S. agricultural exports, in particular, showed remarkable growth.
Cotton exports, used as inputs for Vietnam's garment industry, grew
92 percent, soybean exports were up 1,480 percent, and wheat exports
up 1,120 percent. A wide range of U.S. commodities including
hardwood, wheat, hides and skins, soybean meal tree nuts, fresh
fruit, and poultry and red meats, also posted record gains in 2007.
6. Taken together with fishery and forestry exports, U.S.
agricultural exports from the United States more than doubled in
value from 2006 to a record $608.2 million, a 111 percent rate of
growth over four times larger than the average growth worldwide of
U.S. agricultural, fishery and forestry exports (23 percent).
7. The categories constituting industrial and agricultural
machinery and equipment were overall the most valuable U.S. exports
to Vietnam with $330.6 million in sales, a 46 percent increase over
2006 ($226 million). U.S. vehicle exports were another success
story as the second most valuable two-digit harmonized system
category of U.S. export to Vietnam at $142 million, as Vietnam
increased its purchases of imported American vehicles from 110 in
2006 to 5,509 in 2007. Another export sector that exploded in 2007
was in U.S. exports of primary materials for the garment industry
increased 85 percent increase from 2006 ($65 million) to 2007 ($120
million).
8. Plastics were the third most valuable category of U.S. exports to
Vietnam at $125 million (an increase of 45 percent from 2006's $45
million). Rounding up the top five U.S. exports to Vietnam were
wood products, which reached $97.2 million in 2007, a 62.5 percent
increase over 2006 ($60 million).
9. Although both United States and Vietnamese export numbers were
up in 2007, the growth of U.S. exports was three times higher than
HANOI 00000243 002.2 OF 004
the rate of growth in U.S> imports from Vietnam. According to the
U.S. Commerce Department statistics, U.S. imports from Vietnam were
up by 24 percent in 2007 to $10.63 billion, from $8.57 billion in
2006. Notwithstanding impressive U.S. export growth, the United
States continues to have a trade deficit with Vietnam, which
measured $8.7 billion in 2007.
10. Garments were the largest traded good between Vietnam and the
United States in 2007, and accounted for 55 percent of all
Vietnamese exports to the United States, at a value of $4.46
billion. The sector picked up considerably in the second half of
2007, closing the year 47% higher than in 2006, when exports reached
$3.04 billion.
11. Exports of finished wood products to the United States also
went up by 27.5 percent, reaching $948.5 million in 2007. Other key
Vietnamese exports to the United States were footwear ($885.1
million), and fishery products ($728.5 million), all of which
surpassed the numbers for 2006. Crude oil ($782.2 million) remained
a significant export earner for Vietnam although exports to the
United States fell23 percent from 2006.
VIETNAM'S TRADE DEFICIT WITH THE WORLD
--------------------------------------
12. Vietnam's trade deficit with the world more than doubled from
$5.1 billion in 2006 to $12.4 billion in 2007. Vietnam has been
running a trade deficit since 1993, and 2007's was Vietnam's third
largest deficit on record. On a bilateral basis, Vietnam has trade
deficits with China ($9.1 billion), Taiwan ($5.8 billion), Singapore
($5.4 billion) and South Korea ($4 billion).
13. Most economists attribute the deficit to Vietnam's rising demand
for imports needed to sustain economic growth, particularly in the
manufacturing and construction sectors. Despite being a crude oil
producer (Southeast Asia's largest, after Indonesia and Malaysia),
Vietnam lacks refining capacity and thus relies on fuel imports.
14. The GVN has minimized the negative impact of the trade deficit
citing the need for imports to sustain economic growth. In 2007 and
early 2008, however, some figures in the GVN and the National
Assembly began to grumble about the deficit publicly, and even
floated the possibility of instituting deficit-reducing mechanisms
such heightened technical barriers and promoting import
substitution. The IMF has also noted the impact of the rising trade
deficit on the growing current account deficit.
VIETNAM EXPORTS TO THE WORLD
----------------------------
15. The value of Vietnam's total exports of goods in 2007 was $48.4
billion, up 21.6 percent from the $39.8 billion 2006 total. In
2007, total exports accounted for an even higher rate of the
country's GDP, at 68 percent up from 65 percent in 2006. Vietnam's
main export earners in 2007 were, in order of value, crude oil,
garments, footwear, fishery products and wood products. This order
was unchanged from 2006.
16. Crude oil exports were $8.48 billion in 2007, and continued to
be Vietnam's top export earner despite an eight percent decrease in
production from 2006. The GVN is reviewing its regulations
concerning hydrocarbons exports because of high domestic demand and
rising international prices. In early 2008, the GVN banned coal
exports indefinitely, and has discussed doing the same with gas.
17. Garment exports were $7.78 billion in 2007, an increase of 33
percent over 2006 ($5.83 billion). The United States was by far the
largest market for Vietnam garment exports, taking up 57 percent of
total Vietnamese garment exports at a total value of $4.5 billion.
The Vietnamese garment industry had two major concerns in 2007:
that the United States would self-initiate an anti-dumping case
against Vietnam, de deterring growth in the sector, and the high
cost of imports for raw materials, which amount to three quarters of
their total earnings.
18. Footwear exports were Vietnam's third most important export in
2007, at $3.96 billion, up 10 percent from 2006's $3.59 billion.
This industry also decries that the dependence on imported input
materials eats into their profit margins.
19. Other major Vietnamese exports also experienced double-digit
growth from 2006, including fishery products (up 13 percent, from
$3.36 billion to $3.79 billion) and finished wood products (up 22
percent, from $1.93 billion to $2.36 billion).
HANOI 00000243 003.2 OF 004
20. Electronics exports, up 28 percent in 2007 from $1.71 billion
to $2.18 billion, are important for a sector that the GVN is keen to
develop further. In 2007 Vietnam was successful in attracting
foreign electronic firms to set up operations in Vietnam, including
a $5 billion investment by Taiwan's computer-maker Foxconn and a
$200 million semiconductors assembly plant by a U.S. investor.
21. Earnings from agricultural exports (not including fisheries)
also increased considerably from 2006 and, taken as a whole, they
would surpass crude oil as the Vietnam's top export earner.
Agricultural exports rose to $12.6 billion from $10.5 billion in
2006, an increase of 20 percent. Vietnam is the world's top
exporter of pepper, cashew nuts and robusta coffee, and the world's
second largest rice exporter. Vietnam benefited from rising
international commodity prices and, in some cases, revenues were up
even though volume decreased from 2006 to 2007. For example, rice
and pepper export volumes in 2007 were down three percent and 27
percent from 2006, but revenues still went up by 14 percent and 48
percent, respectively.
IMPORT OF GOODS
---------------
22. The value of goods imported into Vietnam was $60.8 billion in
2007, an increase of over 35 percent from the $44.9 billion total in
2006. Most of Vietnam's imports consist of raw materials for its
manufacturing industry, which account for 66 percent of all imports.
Imports of steel rose 66 percent in 2007 to $4.9 billion. Vietnam
registered other double digit increases in imports of textiles ($4
billion), plastics ($2.5 billion), wood ($1 billion), yarn ($744
million) and cotton ($267 million).
23. Industrial and agricultural machinery ($10.38 billion in 2007)
constitute Vietnam's second largest category import category,
accounting for 26 percent of all imports in goods. Refined oil
imports amounted to $7.5 billion in 2007, an increase of 26
percent.
24. Despite tariff reductions brought on in part by WTO accession in
January 2007, import of consumer goods was modest -- "a humble
figure," in the eyes of Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade Nguyen
Cam Tu. According to the Trade Ministry, consumer goods imports in
2007 were $2 billion, up from $1.15 billion in 2006. Automobile
imports, however, rose briskly by 49 percent from $971.6 million in
2006 to $ 1.4 billion in 2007. Analysts credit rising incomes and
tariff reductions on automobiles from 90 to 60 percent in 2007 for
this trend, which is expected to continue into 2008.
TRADE IN SERVICES
-----------------
25. Taking into account services provided overseas and to
foreigners in Vietnam, the GSO calculates that Vietnam's service
exports were $6.03 billion in 2007, up 18 percent from 2006 ($5.1
billion). Over half of all service exports were tourism-related,
constituting $3.33 billion in 2007, up from $2.85 billion in 2006.
Vietnam had 4.2 million foreign tourists in 2007, according to the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, an increase from the 3.58 million
foreign visitors in 2006. U.S. citizens were the third largest
group of visitors to Vietnam in 2007 with 412,301 arrivals, after
China (558,719) and South Korea (475,535).
26. The Vietnamese financial sector does not have a significant
presence overseas, but services provided to foreigners --including
foreign investors-- accounted for $332 million in 2007, compared to
$270 million the previous year.
27. Other export service sectors, including maritime and air
transportation, also increased in 2007. International post and
telecommunications services, however, were the only sectors that
failed to best the 2006 numbers, falling by 17 percent.
28. Imports of services amounted to $6.4 billion in 2007, a 25
percent increase over 2006 ($5.12 billion). As in services exports,
the most significant was tourism, making up almost 20 percent of all
services imports. Vietnamese traveling overseas spent $1.22 billion
in 2007, an increase over the $1.05 billion spent in 2006. Other
major services imports were air transportation (13 percent of all
service imports) and financial services (4.7 percent), posted growth
of 17 percent and 11 percent, respectively.
VIETNAM'S OTHER TRADING PARTNERS
--------------------------------
HANOI 00000243 004.2 OF 004
29. China continued to be Vietnam's largest trading partner in 2007,
with $15.86 billion in bilateral trade. Trade with China grew by
52% in 2007, fueled by a 69% rise in Chinese exports to Vietnam.
China enjoys a trade surplus with Vietnam, exporting $12.5 worth of
goods, including primary materials to fuel Vietnam's economic
expansion, including construction materials, industrial machinery,
chemicals and pharmaceuticals, refined oil, fertilizers and vehicles
and vehicle parts. In 2007 Vietnam exported goods worth $3.36
billion to China, including crude oil, coal, coffee, fishery
products, fruits and vegetables and footwear.
30. Japan is Vietnam's second largest trade partner with $12.25
billion of bilateral trade in 2007, according to numbers compiled by
the Vietnamese Embassy in Tokyo. Japan turned a $532 million trade
deficit with Vietnam in 2006 into a $109 million surplus in 2007.
Vietnam's exports to Japan in 2007 were $6.07 billion (up 16 percent
from the $5.23 billion total in 2006), while Japanese exports to
Vietnam were $6.18 billion (up 31 percent from the $4.7 billion
total in 2006).
31. Vietnam exports to Japan included crude oil ($1 billion),
garment and textiles ($835 million), electricity cables (763
million), fishery products ($555 million), finished wood products
($229 million) and footwear ($181 million). In ongoing trade
agreement negotiations, Vietnam is pushing Japan to loosen import
restrictions on agricultural and fishery products. Most of Japan's
exports to Vietnam were destined to the manufacturing sector,
including steel, electronics, vehicles, machinery, and textiles.
Japan's exports increased by 31 percent from 2006 ($4.70 billion).
32. Singapore is Vietnam's fourth largest trading partner, with
total trade in goods in 2007 of $9.81 billion (up from $7.8 billion
in 2006). Vietnam's main exports to Singapore included crude oil,
rice, pepper, fishery products, footwear and garments, at a total
value of $2.2 billion (from $1.63 billion in 2006). Singaporean
exports to Vietnam included refined oil, chemicals, industrial
machinery and fertilizers, at a total value of $7.61 billion (from
$6.27 billion in 2006).
33. Taiwan is Vietnam's fifth largest trading partner, with total
trade in 2007 amounting to $8.06 billion. Two-way trade between the
two in 2006 was $5.78 billion. Vietnam imported petroleum,
textiles, industrial machinery, steel, textiles and plastics at a
total of $6.92 billion (up percent from 2006), while Taiwan imported
garments, fishery products and ceramic wares, at a total of $1.14
billion (up 18 percent from 2006).
MICHALAK