All regions south of Auckland will shift to alert level 3 next Tuesday, to be reviewed on Mon 6th Sept.
Auckland and Northland will remain in level 4, likely for at least another fortnight – with Cabinet to review this. The
decisions come after 70 new cases were announced today.
The SMC asked experts to comment.Associate Professor Siouxsie Wiles, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of
Auckland, comments:
“The decision to keep the whole of New Zealand at Alert Level 4 for a full 14-day infection cycle will help ensure that
the edges of the outbreak have been identified and that it is confined to the Auckland region.
“It is important to remember that the lag time between cases being infectious, developing symptoms, and getting tested,
can make people feel overconfident that the outbreak has been contained when in reality there are still one or two loose
ends. With delta, we cannot afford to have any loose ends. If there are transmission chains that have not been
identified or contained and we move down the alert levels too quickly, it would be a few weeks before that would be
clear and may necessitate a move back up the alert levels. Given the timing, that means we would risk spending Christmas
under some level of restrictions.”
No conflict of interest declared.Professor Michael Plank, Te Pūnaha Matatini and University of Canterbury, comments:
“Waiting until Tuesday night to move areas south of Auckland to Level 3 will mean a full 14 days since the lockdown
began. This will allow us to be confident there aren’t still cases in the incubation period. It will also give time for
further wastewater testing in Christchurch, which will hopefully build confidence that previous positive results were
indeed linked to cases in MIQ.
“Some may be frustrated that the South Island is being held at Level 3 rather than Level 2. But while there is a large
and active outbreak in Auckland, movement of essential supplies around New Zealand creates an ongoing risk that a case
could leak out of the Auckland region. At Level 2, this could lead to an explosive outbreak. Level 3 provides a safety
net so that, if an outbreak does crop up outside Auckland it won’t be able to grow as quickly. If Auckland case numbers
start to come down, other regions that are clear of Covid may be able to drop to Level 2 but that will take time.
“The government has indicated that Auckland is likely to spend another 2 weeks at Level 4. This is realistic timeframe.
There are encouraging signs that the lockdown is highly effective, but it will take time to bring cases down. If the
lockdown continues to have the desired effect, after 2 more weeks cases could be in steady decline. Once contact tracers
are confident they are getting cases isolated before they can pass the virus on, this will be when Auckland can start to
safely drop down the Alert Levels.”
Conflict of interest statement: I am partly funded by MBIE for research on mathematical modelling of COVID-19.Professor Nick Wilson, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, comments:
“The Government’s proposed delay in moving to Alert Level 3 for a few more days for the country south of Auckland seems
to make good sense given that the latest information on unresolved issues. These include contacts in places such as
Wellington who have not yet got test results, and the positive wastewater test for Christchurch has not been fully
confirmed to be from the MIQ facility (although this seems fairly likely given past experience).
“The proposed use of a regional approach again is a good one, but tight border control around Auckland will be necessary
and it would have been preferable to limit travel in and out of Auckland to just essential workers who were fully
vaccinated. Also, such workers entering and leaving Auckland should probably have regular testing and digital tracking
to ensure that any community spread by these workers can be quickly controlled.
“With today’s announcement there was perhaps the lost opportunity to expand mask use in Alert Levels 4 and 3 to all
indoor settings outside of the home. Given the importance of airborne transmission with this pandemic virus – we need to
make maximum use of the mask tool to accelerate progress out of lockdown.
“The news today of further expansion of the number of wastewater testing sites to 108 locations around NZ was very
welcome. Such testing has become a much more valuable tool and in a recent analysis we found it to be a far more efficient way to determine that a region is very likely to be Covid-19-free than by using community testing.”
Conflict of interest statement: Nick Wilson has no competing interests. He gets no funding for any of the research he
does on Covid-19.Dr Dougal Sutherland, Clinical Psychologist, Victoria University of Wellington and Umbrella Wellbeing, comments:
“Boredom, frustration, and temptation are likely to be the new psychological challenges that COVID brings, and may be an
unanticipated consequence of increased levels of vaccination. The last nation-wide lockdown in 2020, although
anxiety-provoking, also brought with it a sense of novelty and learning as people came to grips with setting up a home
office, home-schooling for the first time, or mastering that sourdough starter.
“This time around, the novelty has largely disappeared and we face days of doing the same thing with the same faces in
the same environment. Boredom may give rise to frustration, which may be amplified for those who don’t perceive the need
for them or their region to remain in a strict level of lockdown. This frustration and irritability has the potential to
strain already frayed relationships and lead to the temptation to break the rules.
“Aucklanders may be further tempted to break alert-level restrictions as they see other parts of the country moving out
of Level 4 and feel jealous of what others have. These feelings may become more widespread as increasing numbers of
people get vaccinated, reducing their sense of anxiety about becoming unwell. Whilst in 2020 the focus was on helping
people manage their anxiety, the focus of 2021 may well be on helping people deal with their growing levels of
irritability and frustration.”
No conflict of interest declared.Dr Sarb Johal, registered clinical psychologist, comments:
This comment is an extract from Dr Johal’s Twitter post today:
“Frustration, irritation with yourself and others, and distress are common experiences when we are under chronic stress
and it feels like there is no way out. When your stress hormones are continually pumping because your threat system is
active, it’s hard to see things as they are.
“Some research suggests that when people experience frustration in the day, they tend to have more frightening dreams at
night. It’s as if the mind is trying to process and make sense of experiences we find psychologically distressing when
we are awake. Throw in disturbed sleep, lack of stimulation and reduced social contact, and you can see that it’s easy
to end up in quite a downward loop.
“When that happens, it’s natural that you would start to seek some relief from the frustration. You might start looking
for ways around some of the restrictions, just so you can get some sense of normality and control. RESIST that
temptation, even if the decision today hasn’t gone the way you’d like.
“Here’s what you can do to help yourself and others through the next few days:
“1. Keep track of your wins. When a difficult situation is dragging on, it’s easy to lose track of what is going well.
Keep a win log, update it daily and be sure to review it every couple of days.
“2. Remind yourself that this will pass. Frustration shouldn’t be an ongoing experience. Like the weather, it’s bound to
change. By recognising that emotions are generally fleeting, you rob them of their power and hold on you.
“3. Take some deep breaths. It’s likely that the frustration you’re feeling has caused you to hold your breath or
breathe shallowly. This means your body is oxygen-depleted and it’s hard to think clearly. When you take a few deep
breaths, your pent-up emotions will start to ease and you can restore a sense of calm. Deep breathing can also help slow
your heartbeat and lower your blood pressure, reducing the negative effects of frustration and irritation.”
No conflict of interest declared.
Lesley Gray, Senior Lecturer, Department of Primary Health Care & General Practice, University of Otago, comments:
“We know that there have been transmission of Delta variant to at least three essential workers and of course this also
means those essential workers and their families are potentially exposed. Essential workers put a lot on the line to
continue doing their jobs, so even have to keep themselves separate from their own families for periods of time.
“We know that some cases of Delta have presented around day 12, even after previous negative testing, so it is possible
for new cases to continue to be picked up and so the Alert Level 4 ensures minimal spread of any new community cases.
“As we have seen in other countries, our older people in aged care facilities often rely on carers for personal cares
and for essential shopping delivery etc. We know that many facilities are taking all possible precautions to minimise
risk of transmission into these facilities. We know from other countries the devastation that can occur if one person
unwittingly brings covid-19 into a facility. Vaccinated residents are less likely to acquire the virus and if they do,
more likely to avoid a severe illness, however any virus infection for an older person can be critical especially for
frail older people.
“While we believe the positive wastewater tests in Christchurch are likely associated with positive cases in MIQ the
additional time to Tuesday of next week gives us additional time to be sure this is not a case in the community (as with
the Warkworth case).
“I mentioned to one of the Stuff reporters the other day that when outdoors, while transmission risk is lower than
indoor spaces we know this virus is airborne and may exist in aerosol. When walking, jogging or running, avoid being in
the ‘slipstream’ of a walker, jogger or runner who is not part of your family bubble.”
Conflict of interest statement: Note: Lesley has received a Health Research Council grant for this research: “Improving
effectiveness and equity in the operation of COVID-19 ‘self-isolation’”