Mighty moths flown in to ravage ragwort
PHOTO CAPTION: Anything but boring: This crown boring moth has arrived in New Zealand with an important mission - to
destroy the noxious pasture pest, ragwort. PHOTO: Hugh Gourlay
New troops have arrived to wage war on one of New Zealand's worst weeds, and are undergoing safety checks before being
deemed battle-worthy.Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) replaces pasture, and can cause fatal liver damage if eaten by cattle
and horses.
Biological control agents including the ragwort flea beetle have been released nationwide to attack ragwort plants. But
although these have destroyed significant amounts of ragwort (up to 100% in some cases), they have failed to make a real
indent on the West Coast, where overall, the problem is as bad now as it was 20 years ago. Landcare Research has been
leading the charge to find alternative biocontrol agents, better suited to the wet conditions of areas like the West
Coast.
Landcare Research weed researcher Hugh Gourlay says that with ERMA (Environmental Risk Management Authority) approval,
about 350 ragwort crown boring moths (Cochylis atricapitana) have just arrived in New Zealand. The moths were placed in
containment upon arrival, and over the next 18 months will undergo testing to determine whether they will eat anything
other than ragwort.The crown boring moths will be joined next month by the ragwort plume moth (Platyptilia isodactylus).
The plume moths will also be kept in containment and undergo the same tests. Mr Gourlay says the moths are of European
origin, but have been sourced from Tasmania, where they both have successfully established in the wild. "The two moths
are better adapted to wet soils and wet climates than the ragwort flea beetle.
Some areas of Tasmania have a wet climate similar to the West Coast, and a similar ragwort problem.
"The crown boring moths have had good results there. Ragwort plants attacked by them produce fewer seeds, and show
reduced growth and flowering. In some cases, the moth kills the entire plant.
"The plume moth attacks the roots of ragwort plants. It is too early to tell the plume moth's overall impact in
Tasmania, but early results look promising.
"Neither moth has eaten any plant besides ragwort, which is also an encouraging sign."
Mr Gourlay says the new arrivals are the first new agents for the biocontrol of ragwort since 1981 when the ragwort flea
beetle was introduced.Subject to approval from ERMA, the moths will be released into the West Coast environment by the
end of 2005.
Several other places of similar climate throughout New Zealand may benefit from the introduction of these moths,
including Southland and Waikato.
The project to import the moths was initiated by West Coast farmers and the New Zealand Landcare Trust, with funding
from farmers, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Sustainable Farming Fund, the West Coast Development Trust, the
West Coast Regional Council, the Department of Conservation, Forest & Bird (West Coast branch) and Westland Milk Products.
ENDS