Hon Dr Michael Cullen
Deputy Prime Minister, Attorney-General, Minister of Finance, Minister for Tertiary Education, Leader of the House
22 September 2006 Speech Notes
Embargoed until: 12am 23 September (NZ time)
New Zealand – a great base for doing business
Speech to a London business lunch, NZ High Commission
Good afternoon and thank you for the opportunity to be here.
It is a real pleasure to be back in London.
It has been a couple of years since my last visit and I am very impressed with how your great metropolis has adapted to
the challenges facing a modern city.
There’s certainly less congestion on the roads, which must make this charming city a much more pleasant place in which
to live and to do business.
It is also great to see preparations well underway for the 2012 Games. The plans for the new Olympic Park in Stratford –
as well as the associated infrastructure, environmental and community projects – all augur well for a successful games
and a wonderful legacy for the city. And who knows – by the time the Olympic torch is lit, Wembley Stadium might even be
finished!
London, despite the rise of new Asian cities, remains a truly world class city and one we can learn from.
We are certainly determined to turn our main commercial city, Auckland, into a globally competitive city that can lead
the rest of the country. It's a bit like the All Blacks, when Ritchie McCaw plays well, so does the team.
I am sure there are lessons for Auckland to learn from how London has reduced inner-city traffic through congestion
pricing and other means, and also how you are preparing for major sporting events.
The current government has made an unprecedented level of commitment to fund road-building projects and public transport
initiatives in Auckland because we recognise the importance of these issues to both bolstering the transformation of the
economy and toward enhancing the quality of people's lives.
We are determined to have a world-class transport network in place ahead of Auckland hosting the Rugby World Cup in
2011, the third largest sporting event on the planet. It is essential if we are to ease the disappointment of many
English rugby supporters ahead of a successful defence of the cup that we plan to wrest from England next year. There is
nothing worse than being stuck in traffic on your way to drown your sorrows.
I am confident Auckland can fulfil its potential as a truly world class city
within the dynamic Asian region. It is not just an international gateway to New Zealand, but as I shall argue, an
important springboard to a region increasingly important to the global economy.
Despite our growing embrace of Asia, we remain closely connected to this part of the world. New Zealand and the U.K.
share many long-standing bonds. As an English-born Kiwi, I am one of them!
Trade ties have kept our two island societies connected from opposite ends of the earth for nearly two centuries. For a
long time we had a near monogamous business relationship, at least on New Zealand’s part, until in the early seventies
that most seductive European venture enticed the United Kingdom into seeing a lot more other countries besides us.
The economic marriage may be over, but we remain very good friends and last year the U.K. was New Zealand’s 5th largest
trading partner. In terms of foreign direct investment, the U.K. is still our 4th largest source of FDI.
Many in Britain continue to love and buy Kiwi food and fibre, albeit in increasingly more elaborately transformed forms
than in previous decades. The traditional New Zealand lamb is now enjoyed with side dishes of olives, 100 per cent pure
fresh fruit and vegetables and fine cheeses, accompanied by a delicate Kiwi-made sauvignon blanc or pinot noir.
Last year we welcomed over 300,000 tourists from here – a very discerning group of people judging by the findings of the
latest Condé Nast Traveller magazine readers' survey in which New Zealand was judged to be the second most preferred
tourist destination in the world.
And you will have noticed our screen production industry whose sales in recent years are on a par with our forestry and
horticulture. Two thirds of the films, television shows and commercials we produce are exported, including blockbusters
such as Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings trilogy and King Kong, and The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, directed by
another great Kiwi, Andrew Adamson. Two of the UK’s biggest stars, Kate Winslett and Orlando Bloom, got their break in
films entirely shot and edited in New Zealand.
Basically, we’re getting you clothed, fed and entertained, and you’re selling us some of the factors of production that
assist us to keep doing so.
International connections like the ones we have with the U.K. are essential for New Zealand as a small, open economy.
They contribute to our transformation into a higher value-added economy in so many important ways.
Linking into global markets deepens our exposure to competition and our access to capital. It gives New Zealand a
two-way flow of new ideas, fresh skills and leading technology. It provides our businesses with vital opportunities to
further diversify their products and services, and establish and build on their presence in an expanding range of export
destinations.
There's plenty of evidence that our increasing global integration is paying dividends. The world prices New Zealand gets
for non-commodity manufactured goods has been rising since the 1990s indicating we are getting much better at commanding
a premium in offshore markets.
You may even be buying some of these high value brands yourself such as merino wool clothing from Icebreaker and Pumpkin
Patch baby wear.
The significance of international connections for our economic performance means we remain committed to further breaking
down unreasonable barriers to cross-border trade and investment flows.
Progress within the framework of a comprehensive, multilateral rules-based global trading system remains a top priority
for us, but we are realistic enough to know that waiting for the next World Trade Organisation breakthrough is like
watching England in a World Cup penalty shoot-out: there is always hope, but you have to accept that there is a chance
that you will be disappointed.
Recently I was in the Vietnamese capital Hanoi for the 13th annual meeting of Pacific Rim finance ministers that make up
APEC: the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation group of economies – a powerhouse group accounting for two thirds of the
world's economies and one committed to trade liberalisation.
The frustration over Doha's failure so far was palpable around the conference table. Without a doubt, a multilateral
deal is the best way of maximising the potential for world growth and I urge the larger economies to show greater
leadership to resolve the impasse.
But if I can stretch the All Black analogy a little - Graham Henry's controversial rotation policy meant he had the
ability to effectively field two A teams this year. As a result our trophy cabinet is again groaning with silverware,
though there is still one big cup we would love to get our hands on.
The point is you need to have something else up your sleeve if your star players get injured. And that's why we haven’t
been standing still waiting for Doha.
For decades now New Zealand has been building a bilateral network of trade deals though the impetus for these has
certainly sharpened in recent years. The Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Agreement, perhaps the world’s
most comprehensive, effective and mutually compatible free trade deal, has been in place since 1983.
We secured a closer economic partnership deal with Singapore in 2001, negotiated the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic
Partnership linking Brunei, Chile, New Zealand and Singapore last year and signed a free trade agreement with Thailand
in 2005.
We are also currently in the midst of trade access negotiations with Malaysia and China, and earlier this month we
announced an agreement to enter into negotiations with six key Gulf states that currently provide New Zealand with an
export market the size of Germany's.
Together with Australia, we are also involved with the ten-member Association of South East Asian Nations and we are
engaged in the East Asia Summit process – an initiative involving the ten ASEAN members plus China, Korea, Japan, India,
Australia and New Zealand.
This grouping is particularly significant. All steps toward regional integration across the 16 countries offer
tremendous potential for the future.
Our own consumers have of course long enjoyed the benefits of lower import barriers as we, starting in the mid 1980s,
implemented principled, unilateral cuts to our own tariff protections, and export subsidies.
We fearlessly pursued the economic efficiency gains to be had in increased offshore competition to domestic producers
and our reward is that our estimated potential output, that is the estimated pace of growth that the economy can sustain
without generating undue inflationary pressures, has strengthened considerably over the past two decades.
It leaves us with a very responsive, flexible economy perfectly positioned to pounce on opportunities as they arise
within our extremely dynamic Asia-Pacific neighbourhood as our neighbours in turn lower their barriers to trade.
Our idyllic and peaceful South Pacific homeland, where our cities, towns and communities score high points in surveys on
the quality of family life, is increasingly an important base to do business with the emerging powerhouse of the Asia
Pacific region.
We can also boast the fact that our economy has been a star-performer among the Organisation for Economic Cooperation
and Development group of developed economies over the past decade or so.
Since the current government was elected in 1999, for example, annual growth in New Zealand has averaged 3.9 per cent,
well above the 2.5 per cent average of the O.E.C.D group of rich economies. Since 1999 the New Zealand economy has grown
around 24 per cent larger.
Ours has been a more than solid performance in spite of often challenging international and domestic conditions in the
past seven years and there is just no question that our economy is much more resilient at the start of the 21st Century
than it was in the last few decades of the 20th and that is due in no small measure to structural reforms to both our
public and private sectors implemented since the early 1980s.
But having a more resilient, broad-based economy does not mean we are immune from business cycles.
Growth in real gross domestic product eased back to 2.2 per cent in the year to March 2006 from the 3.7 per cent
recorded in the year to March 2005. After such a surge in growth, the economy needed to take a breather.
However, the hard landing some doomsayers predicted has not eventuated. Growth over the first half year looks to have
remained reasonably positive. In fact the New Zealand Treasury recently revised upwards its forecasts, expecting growth
over 2006 to now likely exceed the 1 per cent growth it initially forecast for the year – something like 1.5 per cent
looks reasonable.
Notwithstanding the current period of slower growth, the Treasury still sees trend or potential growth running at around
3 per cent.
Many New Zealanders justifiably take heart from the fact that even at the bottom of our economic cycle these days, our
growth rate is much higher than it was in the 1980s and early 1990s and more or less still matches the average recorded
in many O.E.C.D. countries.
There is certainly much we can be proud of:
- The labour market is performing very well. The unemployment rate, at 3.6 per cent, is at around 20-year lows.
Employment grew by 3 per cent between June 2005 and June 2006 and participation rates are very high and among the best
in the O.E.C.D. The strength of the labour market has certainly helped boost household incomes.
- The government’s fiscal position is also very strong. For the last decade, successive governments have run fiscal
surpluses that have been applied to reducing debt. Gross debt is around 20 per cent of GDP and earlier this year New
Zealand joined a relatively select number of countries in achieving a net financial asset position. In other words, we
are a net saver. This is expected to improve substantially over the next decade or two as assets build up in the New
Zealand Superannuation Fund – the pension fund dedicated to pre-funding part of the future cost of national
superannuation. Indeed, credit rating agency Standard & Poor's has recently noted that New Zealand is one of the best-placed nations in the world to meet the challenges of an
ageing population.
However, there are a few economic clouds.
- We are not alone in having inflation at uncomfortable levels. This follows the sustained period of strong domestic
growth and current very high oil prices. Annual consumer price index inflation increased to 4.0 per cent in the June
quarter and while it is expected to ease back a little in September, a sustained fall still looks some way off.
- We are also not alone in having a current account imbalance, even if ours is a little higher than most at the moment.
Our households have been excellent consumers at the expense of saving and our exporters clearly need to do better.
The current account deficit should unwind slowly over the next few years especially as the dollar returns to lower
levels as expected. Our policies to encourage greater savings and higher value-added exporting will all help.
And I should stress that I see New Zealand’s very liberal foreign direct investment regime is an important tool in the
campaign to turn the balance of payments round.
We want more foreign investment in New Zealand-based firms that can export to the world, including to emerging Asia, in
order to raise both our services and merchandise export receipts and underpin rising living standards and social
services for all New Zealanders.
We fully recognise the importance of foreign investment because it gives New Zealand-based companies access to a larger
pool of investment funds and also because it is often accompanied by access to new technology and new links to global
marketing and distribution systems.
No business investment proposal has been denied under the business category since the early 1980s. I note that of all
applications received since 1999 (across all investment categories), 97.1 per cent of applications have been approved.
I am also proud that New Zealand regularly ranks very highly in international surveys on the ease of establishing and
running a business. We have just been edged out of the top spot by Singapore in the latest World Bank Cost of Doing
Business Report. Having been in Singapore this week and marvelled at the scale and efficiency of its economy, I am
somewhat flattered by that. I also note we are still four places ahead of the UK.
We are focused on continual improvements to the business environment. A current review of business tax rules is likely
to produce an attractive mix of a lower corporate tax rate and tax credits, particularly helping those businesses
focused on tackling overseas markets.
We have also begun a comprehensive review of business regulation. We want to ensure we have a system that minimises the
costs of complying for businesses - one that strikes a better balance between what's necessary to protect environments,
borders and community interests and what's needed to encourage growth. This is not about new regulations, but about
fine-tuning existing rules to ensure we maximise opportunities for growth.
This should be seen in the broader context of the government's strategy to transform New Zealand into a high
value-added, knowledge-based economy. We have been actively pursuing an agenda to strengthen the fundamental drivers of
a balanced, growing economy. Investing in infrastructure is a key plank. In land transport, for example, we have turned
around a moribund record of under-investment with the biggest road-building programme this country has seen.
A modern economy also needs a competitively priced, reliable and fast broadband service. That's why we acted to unbundle
the local loop, and so create opportunities for new investment and more competitive pricing. For the same reason we are
looking at electricity markets to ensure regulation does not act to discourage much needed investment in new generation
and transmission assets. Our desire, in tandem with competitive pricing, is also to ensure investors can achieve an
adequate rate of return. At the end of the day, this country needs international capital if it is to build world class
infrastructure and we are striving to ensure we provide the right signals that New Zealand welcomes foreign investment.
We are also investing heavily in research to drive greater innovation, we have revitalised skills training and we are
currently revamping the tertiary sector to ensure the graduates it produces are more aligned with the needs of
employers.
And I think it is probably fair to say that there is a reasonable level of consensus across the many parties in our
Parliament to the current Labour-led government’s broad agenda.
To Kiwi ex-pats here in London, you can spread the word that New Zealand Incorporated is indeed in good health and
poised to build on the gains of recent years.
You might also like to note the government’s interest-free student loans policy. Your homeland recognises that the
excellent skills and experiences you have picked up here on your temporary O.E will be rewarded when you get back to
those expansive white beaches awaiting you in the South Pacific.
We have also introduced a four year tax exemption on foreign income for expats who have been away for ten years or
longer.
When you come back home, you will certainly see improvements – more dynamic and competitive telecommunications, more
effective transport networks, and an education sector more focused on getting value for money for taxpayers, businesses
and communities.
We are creating an economy that is providing greater security and opportunities for families young and old and a country
with a distinctive national identity standing proudly in the South Pacific.
New Zealand in the late 19th and through much of the 20th centuries traditionally depended on its benign climate for its
economic success, enabling us to produce and grow things better than our competitors.
A good climate remains key to our performance, although these days our focus is more than ever on the investment
climate.
New Zealand is an essential place to invest for any diversified portfolio manager looking for a favourable base within
the emerging Asia-Pacific region.
Let me reiterate:
- Our regulatory climate: We have an efficient, low cost regulatory environment, and one that encourages foreign
investment,
- Our business climate: we remain one of the easiest places in the world to do business,
- Our fiscal climate: our solid fiscal profile is the envy of governments around the world
- We have a low cost, fair and efficient tax system,
- Our education climate: the system is heavily focused on investment in skills and linking businesses’ needs to tertiary
training;
- Our social climate: ours is a safe, contented and advanced multicultural civil society.
We may not be a King Kong economy like some of our Asian neighbours, but like the Peter Jackson blockbuster we have the
skills, technology and investment climate to allow New Zealand to beat its chest loudly in a crowded marketplace.
It all adds up to an attractive proposition for the investor with an eye to being positioned to maximise the gains from
a growing world economy that will be increasingly focused on the Asia-Pacific region. And it is a country all Kiwis can
be proud of.
Thank you.
ENDS