"Fast-track" for emergency medicines
The government has announced changes it wants to make to the law to speed up the assessment and approval of animal and
human medicines, vaccines and pesticides that contain new organisms – including genetically-modified organisms – or
hazardous substances and that may be required in an emergency.
Generally, these must go through full assessment by the main decision making body, the Environmental Risk Management
Authority (ERMA), including public notification and consultation before they can be used here. This means potential
delays in bringing in medicines in a health or biosecurity emergency.
To overcome this, the government is proposing a new fast-track system to be used to deal with emergencies. Under this
proposal decisions could be made to allow the products to be imported without the level of detailed information or full
formal processes required under normal circumstances.
"This does not mean these products will not be scrutinised before the decision is made to use them," the Environment
Minister Marian Hobbs said. "Rather experts will be charged with weighing up the relative risks and benefits in view of
the situation at the time."
The fact that they have been given the go-ahead for release in a health emergency would also not affect their status as
a new organism or hazardous substance. Once the emergency was over, a normal application would need to be made for the
medicine, vaccine or pesticide to be used again.
"This is a vital area for New Zealand, especially in a world where bioterrorism has become a real threat and where the
disease-free status of our livestock is vital for our valuable export markets," the minister said.
"The Royal Commission on Genetic Modification, in its July 2001 report, recommended identifying the medicines that might
be needed in an animal or human health emergency and seeking prior approvals for them.
"Government officials have thoroughly investigated that approach and found it is not possible. Among the problems they
found were that there would be nothing to guarantee that a particular product would be available when needed, while
giving pre-approvals to a vaccine for a disease like foot-and-mouth could raise questions in our overseas markets about
New Zealand’s disease-free status."
The government has also put forward changes to the HSNO Act to streamline approvals for new medicines made from, or
containing new organisms, including genetically-modified organisms.
At present, these medicines have to be approved by Medsafe (for human medicines) or the Agricultural Compounds and
Veterinary Medicines (ACVM) Unit of the Food Safety Authority (in the case of animal products) for safety, quality and
effectiveness. They also have to be assessed by the Environmental Risk Management Authority (ERMA) in terms of risks to
the health and safety of people and the environment.
Under the proposed changes, ERMA could delegate the approval of medicines that met a set of criteria for ‘low risk’ to
Medsafe or the ACVM unit alone. To maintain the integrity of the system, ERMA would set guidelines for approvals and
regularly audit them.
Medicines containing new organisms that did not fit the 'low-risk' criteria would still require full ERMA approval,
including public consultation.
"The Royal Commission on Genetic Modification found the dual approval system required of all medicines caused confusion
and added to compliance costs for companies wanting to market these products," Marian Hobbs said.
"The changes we are proposing will ensure that the cost of obtaining approval to market animal and human medicines is
not so high that it deprives New Zealanders of potential health and other benefits, but at the same time ensures
measures to protect the health and safety of the public and the environment are maintained where appropriate."