Government announces proposals for genetic modification regulation
The government has announced changes it wants to make to the main legislation covering genetic modification (GM) in the
latest step in its programme to implement the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification.
The proposed changes are to the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act 1996 and related Acts. They are
designed to underpin the government's overall policy of proceeding with caution with GM while preserving opportunities.
"The decisions will give New Zealand an extended regulatory framework to allow it to better take advantage of the social
and economic benefits of genetically-modified and other new organisms, which we may choose to use, while at the same
time ensuring potential risks are managed effectively," Environment Minister, Marian Hobbs said.
The changes being proposed include a new category of approval for new organisms, including genetically-modified
organisms, called 'conditional release'.
"This new category would ensure a regulatory framework is maintained for new organisms by allowing the Environmental
Risk Management Authority (ERMA) to attach controls on a case-by-case basis to any approvals to release new organisms,"
Marian Hobbs said.
"It would allow the ERMA to consider applications to conduct certain research outside strict containment such as
monitoring the impacts of released organisms. It would also allow ERMA to impose controls designed, for example, to
prevent the dissemination of the organism into the wider environment. The conditional release category would also allow
ERMA to specify where and how organisms are used.
"This will not automatically mean that all new organisms will be approved for conditional release and it will certainly
not mean that GM organisms will automatically be released. "To back up the cautious approach inherent in this new
category, measures are also being introduced to enforce the rules and provide for deterrent penalties against those who
breach them." Other proposed changes to the act would streamline the approval process for the import and development of
low-risk genetically modified organisms in contained laboratory conditions. The system for medicines that contain new
organisms would also be simplified for those meeting the criteria for 'low-risk', with those products needing only one
approval rather than the two required at the moment.
There is also provision for a rapid approval system for products required urgently to deal with a human or animal health
or biosecurity emergency.
Cultural, spiritual and ethical effects have also been added to the list of circumstances under which the Minister for
the Environment may step in to decide on an application to develop or release a new organism or hazardous substance – a
process known as Ministerial call-in.
Another set of amendments is designed to improve the way the Act operates for decision making on new organisms in the
light of experience with the Act since 1998. The law change proposals are the latest step in a series of government
decisions implementing the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification.
These include the establishment of Toi te Taiao: The Bioethics Council, public funding for research into the
environmental, economic and social implications of genetic modification, and setting up a review of the ERMA to ensure
it has the expertise and resources it needs to make decisions on GM research, development and use.
The government is also drawing up a comprehensive strategy setting out a vision and goals for biotechnology (including
GM) in New Zealand.