How Scoop plans to pioneer and spread a new model for independent media
In part 1 of this series, I wrote about the news crisis in 2018 and why there is hope for journalism despite of (or
perhaps because of) the continued dominance and disruption of the sector by the digital platform monopoly giants
Facebook and Google. Last week I followed up with a piece exploring ten reasons to have hope that we will deal with this crisis and come out of it with a better Media than ever. This final piece in the series will outline exactly what Scoop plans to do about this crisis in the coming months, and
how we think we, and you, can help.
Why the news crisis matters
The rise of social media giants as the main mechanism of delivery of news to the majority of citizens has disrupted the
industry and reshaped the way we consume news from media platform based to social media aggregator based consumption.
The adoption of non-transparent AI algorithms has led to extractive data mining of user information and increasing
personalisation of news feeds by these players. This has enabled dark money to be poured into social media ads targeting
specific populations to successfully influence public opinion and political elections and is polarising and dividing
society into echo chambers or ‘filter bubbles’.
This process has destroyed the ad-based financial models and threatened the sustainability of many independent and local
news providers resulting in layoffs and less funding for good journalism. This has further decreased skilled editorial
and journalistic oversight and fact-checking and further contributed to the crisis of Trust in the Media. When citizens
can no longer trust our news sources and social media feeds, this seriously impacts the ability of newsrooms and
journalists to fulfil the public service role required of them in a thriving democratic society. Without a robust and
independent press providing a check on politicians and companies our freedom is seriously compromised and we risk
drifting further towards authoritarianism, elitism and inequality.
Why the need to rethink?
The battle for the clicks of readers has led to rise of clickbait and the increasing personalisation and customisation
of social media and app based news feeds. Readers are already being conditioned to expect nothing less than a rapid flow
of personalised and engaging content when consuming news online. This will continue to threaten the existence of
traditional web-based media platforms like Scoop unless we can find a new way forward.
However, there is also good reason to believe that a new path and a better future is possible for independent Media. A
combination of new technology, ideas, institutions and business models and a renewed energy and commitment by those
inside and outside the sector to solving these problems, means we could be entering a new era of credible, independent
and powerful journalism. Scoop aims to be at the forefront of the development of this renaissance that we term ‘News
3.0’.
It is becoming increasingly apparent that digital Media companies must adapt to become more like technology companies in
order to survive in this modern environment. However we must ensure we do so ethically and with good processes and do
not simply emulate the destructive and extractive elements of the tech giants.
Scoop 3.0 - A Global Vision and Future Focus
As a result of the above considerations, we have identified a bold path forward. It involves opening Scoop up to the
community, investing heavily in tech development and creating a cutting edge product and a connected ecosystem. We
believe doing so can help, not only Scoop, but other independent and local news providers in NZ and globally to solve
the major financial issues they face.
Creating a stable and well-funded ecosystem for quality public interest journalism in New Zealand is the ultimate goal
of Scoop, and this is why the Scoop Foundation exists as owner of Scoop. However, to get to a point where Scoop is
consistently sending excess profits to the foundation for this purpose, Scoop needs to be stably and consistently funded
in the long-term.
Our ScoopPro ‘ethical paywall’ model is certainly helping keep us afloat with just over 200 commercial clients paying for Scoop’s
professional services and the license to use Scoop professionally. However, we still need to break through this seeming
glass ceiling to increase the amount of companies complying with these licensing terms to sustainably fund our core
operating costs and increase the amount we spend on quality content and development.
We also need to secure enough funds to keep pace with the rapid technological development and disruption of the sector
or we risk being swallowed up by the digital giants. In order for Scoop to become a relevant part of the News 3.0
infrastructure, we believe we will need to explore a multimedia approach and embrace exciting innovations such as AI,
blockchain and enhanced media literacy and information hierarchy approaches. These elements will likely become
commonplace in the sector the near future so future-proofing Scoop by adopting early is vital.
To achieve this, we will need to ensure Scoop is decentralised and that the community around it has a stake in its
future and is incentivised to contribute to its maintenance and development. We will also need to ensure Scoop is part
of and integrates smoothly with a wider ecosystem of other independent media trying to achieve similar goals.
The leading media platforms of the future will not be platforms at all, they will be decentralised ecosystems of
newsrooms and communities operating on shared protocol layers and shared governance and codes of ethics.
Embracing New Technologies
This transition will involve upgrading the Scoop.co.nz site and associated sites to a modern platform capable of making
better use in the future of multimedia, advanced analytics and new technologies such as the blockchain and AI. These
could enable greater verification, archiving and micro-payments to Scoop and content contributors enabling us to build
new financial incentives for those engaged in the ecosystem.
It will also involve upgrading Scoop’s professional information tools such as the ScoopPro services of InfoPages and Newsagent newsletters and custom news intelligence and media monitoring features. We will
also make these available in simplified forms for non-professional readers and explore how we can extend the approach to
assist other local media organisations in New Zealand.
Understanding the implications of blockchain in news media
As I outlined last week, Scoop is exploring possibilities for working with existing blockchain news organisations to
implement certain vital features of the new Scoop 3.0 ecosystem.
Jarrod Dicker, ex Innovation Chief at The Washington Post, believes blockchain can influence and build a better media
business. At the recent WAN-IFRA World News Media Congress, Dicker emphasised that blockchain could accelerate a change in how the business side of media is managed. In his presentation, Dicker
outlined three practical elements of the blockchain with potential to positively influence the current media landscape:
• Attribution: Identifying, vetting and verifying the source of immutable content, bringing total transparency to publishing.
• Reputation: A decentralised media economy built on reputation will provide a benchmark and ‘stomp out bad actors and rise good
actors.’
• Discovery: Changing how content is distributed and where it can be found can be circumvent the dangers of censorship.
We feel the Civil blockchain project aligns well with Scoop’s ethics and approach of decentralisation. The Civil approach to media literacy also aligns with
the goals of the Scoop Foundation to support independent journalism in the public interest and further media literacy
education.
We also believe that Scoop 3.0 and the new tools we create can contribute to the Civil ecosystem. Civil has launched a
collaborative product development studio for startups to develop new media products for release on the Civil protocol
layer and ecosystem. Our innovative raw press release feed and ScoopPro ‘ethical paywall’ model could potentially be re-developed in a way that is of benefit to other newsrooms on the network
to help them achieve financial stability.
Can technology save Journalism?
Yes, and No! Technology will necessarily be a crucial part of the solution. The reality is, that since many of the
problems we face have a technology origin, we need to fight fire with fire. Given the scale of issues we face in the
space of fake news, AI, and machine learning, blockchain technology may in fact present the best chance of saving news
media from the crisis it faces. The most successful and innovative organisations in the News 3.0 transition will be
those that harness the best parts of these technologies in order to create and present information in new ways to
further the value of good reporting, verifiable truth and transparency of sources. We could in fact be entering an era
of enhanced media education and critical thinking aided by these technologies.
However, technology alone will not be enough to achieve this. Embracing the potential of technology does not mean we
should jump on the techno-utopian, data-religion bandwagon without question. It is extremely important that these tools
and technologies are adopted in responsible and ethical ways.
The problem is that these technologies are currently being used for extractive and divisive means. However, if we can
put them to work in the service of good journalism and truthfulness, this coming wave of technology may in fact present
major opportunities for journalism to regain the credibility and trustworthiness it so badly lacks today.
This requires pioneering, credible and independent media players like Scoop to lead by making the most of the potential
technologies, while ensuring we bake in appropriate safeguards and policies to ensure they are used responsibly and do
not reinforce existing biases or exclusions.
Editors over algorithms
There will be even more need in the future for skilled journalists and editors who passionately believe in the value of
good journalism, human values, insight, instinct and the important role of the media to advance the public interest.
Currently there are also a lot of technology companies functioning as media companies, (Facebook, Google, Amazon).
However the root of problem is they don’t really admit they are media companies and as such do not have appropriate
editorial or structural safeguards in place. That has led to the problems we see today such as fake news, filter bubbles
and the trust deficit. Rushing to emulate this approach may not be the best path for media platforms as JSK Journalism
fellow Titus Plattner points out:
“Bias bubbles, filter bubbles, information blindness, preference bubbles, are all different ways to describe the same
phenomenon: people get what they want, but are less exposed to other opinions and less and less confronted with facts
they’re not interested in. By using the same click-driven recommendation engines on their platforms, media outlets could
reproduce this toxic atmosphere, just on a smaller scale than social media or news aggregators.”
It is important that we figure out how to embed news judgement and editorial thinking into any systems we create to
guard against bias in tech and to ensure that our product is solving rather than contributing to the problems in the
news industry. We aim to ensure we retain editorial thinking and core human values such as compassion, and integrity to
explore solutions to these problems.
Matthew Howard writes in Techcrunch, each industry (Including news media) will need to develop a code of ethics around
AI in the near future and even suggests we need the equivalent of Underwriters Laboratories (a quality assurance company) for news:
“As our news media and social platforms become increasingly AI-driven, businesses from startups to global powerhouses
must be aware of their ethical implications and choose wisely when working this technology into their products...AI will continue to give algorithms significant influence over what we see and read in our daily lives. We have to ask
ourselves how much trust we can put in the systems that we’re creating and how much power we can give them. ”
Scoop will also include in our charter and editorial and privacy policies, a clear undertaking not to use AI or data
gleaned from users for inappropriate purposes such as sale to 3rd parties or surveillance by third parties. We will also
advocate for an industry wide standard on these issues.
A new Media requires new business models
The Scoop 3.0 transition will also require systemic innovation in the form of better, more sustainable and resilient
business models that bring readers and citizens into the equation as a means of holding newsrooms and journalists
accountable. The reality is that economic structures built on value extraction (whether extraction of data, charging via
traditional paywalls or simply using reader eyeballs as advertising fodder) cannot enable healthy information
ecosystems.
Therefore, the systemic changes of making Scoop more decentralised and community owned and locally focused will have the
greatest impact on solving the crisis we face. I discussed in part 2 how the evolution of Scoop 3.0 will include giving
our staff, readers and commercial users the opportunity to purchase shares in the organisation as New Internationalist did in the UK last year. We are interested in adopting the ‘Fairshares Cooperative Model’ which was developed in the UK and is now used by many community owned organisations and cooperatives around the world.
Crowd-selling shares in the Scoop Publishing Social Enterprise to the community, will make Scoop a fully decentralised,
community owned and cooperatively run news organisation. This will mean that the community around Scoop co-owns a vital
piece of infrastructure for the New Zealand news industry, and will ensure a diverse range of views are involved in
issues relating to the future shape of Scoop as we continue to develop.
A Participatory and Inclusive Approach
News 3.0 will feature multi-input and multi-directional news creation tools with various different ways for citizens to
participate in the process. Scoop 3.0 will seek to explore new approaches and new features that will allow the public to
be involved more actively in the creation and consumption of news media. We will explore opportunities for the public to
contribute to (and be rewarded for) activities such as newsgathering or voting/evaluation of credibility through
advanced ‘citizen journalism’ tools. We will explore other more interactive media such as advanced AI enabled commenting
and polling tools, and collective intelligence tools such as our HiveMind project.
We will also aim to provide disability accessible media, enhanced Te Reo content and will adopt a diversity mindful approach. Ensuring these issues are considered in all editorial and technology decisions will help to ensure that the technology
we adopt does not reinforce biases or exclusions. We will adopt a user friendly information hierarchy, and aim to
provide transparency around elements that go into each story. This will provide various entry points for readers of
different levels and interests to expand our audience reach and enhance media literacy.
The End Game - Open Sourcing Scoop
We believe Scoop’s underlying model is innovative and provides a potential solution to the news crisis. We now aim to
evolve the model by building a custom fit-for-purpose open source tech stack so that we can expand the Scoop theory of
change.
Scoop’s press release publishing service, ‘ethical paywall’ model and related professional subscription tools offer a
unique opportunity to provide a financial basis for a basic professional newsroom suite that is easily replicable and
adoptable by others. We believe we can refine and package this entire approach and offer it to local and community-based
news organisations or even groups of freelancers to strengthen local independent news in New Zealand and globally.
Opening up this approach to a wider group will help to create a shared ecosystem for local journalism from the ground
up. This will help to enhance collaboration and solidarity among news publishers rather than competitiveness and
clickbaitism.
Bundling the Scoop model and providing consulting services under a software as a service model could even provide some
of the additional income and engagement required to help Scoop publishing survive and thrive into the future. This will
also ensure the Scoop Foundation’s goals of supporting independent public interest journalism are achieved, and continue
to provide financial support for truly independent and public interest focused journalism.
How we plan to achieve this vision:
Firstly, we believe Scoop is well placed to achieve this plan for a number of reasons:
1 - We already have a unique platform and service with a point of difference. We publish a continuous and comprehensive
press release feed and enable readers and professional users to deep dive into issues.
2 - Our business model as a non-profit owned by a Foundation enables us to decentralise and pursue a social mission
without a need for profit to shareholders or excessive salaries.
3 - We have a working relationship with Enspiral, a world-leading social enterprise network responsible for products
such as Loomio and Cobudget and revolutionising the collaborative freelance workplace.
4 - We have a strong community of readers and supporters who believe in our mission and the need for independent public
interest media in New Zealand.
Scoop 3.0 Theory of Change
A Theory of Change is a comprehensive description of how and why a desired change is expected to happen in a particular
context. The table below is a draft depicting the path to change we expect to see from the Scoop 3.0 plan.
ActivitiesOutputOutcomesImpactCrowdfunding campaignSeed funds securedScoop is able to develop a strategic and tech plan for Scoop 3.0A shared future vision for independent media is bornCommunity share offer Shares issued to community Development funds secured A community shares the vision and supports the plan to proceed with Scoop 3.0Scoop is able to invest in further tech developmentDevelop ScoopPro news intelligence and PR toolsMore commercial clients gained and increased content
Scoop is well funded and hosts useful and important information Scoop core service is maintained while continuing to focus on future visionDevelop new Scoop platform with enhanced UX and media literacy friendly structureMore accessible information for users, Better reading experience, More content is publishedReadership, loyalty and media literacy increases People are well informed and educated about media and societyGovt and public are held to account Create/adopt a blockchain-based ecosystem protocol layer and integrate with Scoop platformCreates tools for verification, voting, evidence base and Micropayments on platform Connects to other platforms using
same layerMore content available on Scoop. Content is accurate and verifiable
Contributors are funded for effortsThriving, robust, verifiable and uncensored journalism ecosystem exists into the futurePlatform, publishing service, Ethical paywall and Subscriptions model are extended as a SaaS productEnables more news organisations to adopt the Scoop 3.0 model Increase amount of content published on ecosystem,Creates a connected network of newsrooms using similar approach Improves ScoopPro service content
Generates income stream A secure, robust, decentralised and connected ecosystem of independent and local news providers exists globally and is
self sustaining