Ecuador Gets Chavez'd
By Greg Palast
Excerpted from The Nation
16 May 2005
[Quito] George Bush has someone new to hate. Only twenty-four hours after Ecuador's new president took his oath of
office, he was hit by a diplomatic cruise missile fired all the way from Lithuania by Condoleezza Rice, then wandering
about Eastern Europe spreading "democracy." Condi called for ?a constitutional process to get to elections,? which came
as a bit of a shock to the man who'd already been constitutionally elected, Alfredo Palacio.
What had Palacio done to get our Secretary of State's political knickers in a twist? It's the oil--and the bonds.
This nation of only 13 million souls at the world's belly button is rich, sitting on at least 4.4 billion barrels of oil
in known reserves, and probably much more. Yet 60 percent of its citizens live in brutal poverty; a lucky minority earn
the "minimum" wage of $153 a month.
The obvious solution--give the oil money to the Ecuadoreans without money--runs smack up against paragraph III-1 the
World Bank's 2003 Structural Adjustment Program Loan. The diktat is marked "FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY," which "may not be
disclosed" without World Bank authorization. TheNation.com has obtained a copy.
The secret loan terms require Ecuador to pay bondholders 70 percent of the revenue received from any spike in the price
of oil. The result: Ecuador must give up the big bucks from the Iraq War oil price surge. Another twenty percent of the
oil windfall is set aside for "contingencies" (i.e., later payments to bondholders). The document specifies that Ecuador
may keep only 10 percent of new oil revenue for expenditures on social services.
I showed President Palacio the World Bank documents. He knew their terms well. "If we pay that amount of debt," he told
me, "we're dead. We have to survive." He argued, with logic, "If we die, who is going to pay them?"
We met two weeks ago in the Carondelet Palace where, on April 20, his predecessor had disappeared out the back door to
seek asylum in Brazil. A crowd of 100,000 protesters had surrounded the building, seeking the arrest of fugitive
president Lucio Gutierrez.
"Sucio Lucio" (Dirty Lucio, as the graffiti tags him) had won election in 2002 promising to break away from the
supposedly voluntary austerity plan imposed by the World Bank. Then, within a month of taking office, Gutierrez flew to
Washington. There he held hands with George Bush (a photo infamous in Quito) and US Treasury officials instructed him in
the financial facts of life. Lucio returned to Quito, reneged on his campaign promises and tightened the austerity
measures including raising the price of cooking gas. The public, after a dispirited delay, revolted.
Last month, once Lucio fled, the nation's congress recognized the vacancy in Ecuador's Oval Office and filled it with
the elected vice president, in accordance with the Constitution.
Given the oil windfall, Palacio sees no need to follow Gutierrez' path to economic asphyxiation. "It is impossible that
they condemn us not to have health, not to have education," he told me. He made it clear that handing over 90 percent of
his nation's new oil wealth would not stand.
That's not what the Bush Administration wanted to hear.
Outside the presidential palace, indigenous women in bowler hats and pigtails chanted, "FUERA TODOS! FUERA TODOS!"
Everyone out. As far as they are concerned, every one of the seven presidents who have entered office in the past nine
years has sold them out to the bondholders, to the oil companies, to the World Bank and its austerity punishments. To
them, Palacio is bound to be just another in a long line of disappointments.
I asked the president what he would do if the World Bank and the Bush Administration nix his request for Ecuador to keep
an extra tiny percentage of its oil money. Mindful that no Ecuadorean president since 1996 has served out his term,
Palacio told me simply: "There is no way. There is no other way. These people have to listen to us."
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Read the entire story at http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20050530=palast
Hear and view Palast's special report from Ecuador this week on Amy Goodman's Democracy Now!
Greg Palast is the author of The Best Democracy Money Can Buy. View more photos and video of his investigations in
Ecuador and South America at www.gregpalast.com/ecuador.html