The long-term environmental effects of mine wastes in Otago will be manageable. Study by University of Otago researchers
shows that the most common arsenic and mercury minerals decompose only slowly.
An investment of the Public Good Sience Fund, the study has focused on arsenic and mercury in old and active gold mining
areas of Otago.
"The combination of Otago's dry climate and underlying schist rock ensures that ground-water remains near-neutral, and
acidification of mine wastes is likely to be minimal," programme leader Dave Craw says.
Otago's environment is unique. "It's therefore starkly different from many overseas sites where environmental problems
have been encountered," he says.
The research provides a useful scientific background on which to base decisions about long-term storage of mine tailings
from gold mines in Otago. "Results of this research are being used for this purpose," Dr Craw says.
The study looked at a recent mining site so that results could be compared with old mine tailings. "This one was a large
pile of arsenic-bearing mine tailings constructed by Macraes Mining Co Ltd in 1990, but abandoned in 1993. This provided
an excellent and unique opportunity to examine mine tailings four years after deposition," he says.
Most such sites around the world are quickly cleaned up and are lost for scientific study.Research found that
theoretical and laboratory results were different from what the ground was revealing."Arsenic is therefore not as
significant a pollutant as laboratory data would suggest," Dr Craw says. Nor is mercury.
Heavy metals are concentrated in the fine-grained portions of soils on iron oxides and clay minerals, and arsenic forms
the secondary mineral scorodite. "These sites weaken arsenic strongly, and help to keep arsenic contents of polluted
water down to 4 parts per million. This is well above acceptable water quality."
He says that high arsenic contents are localised. Dilution in main streams ensures that water quality can be kept to
acceptable standards."This research provides a useful scientific background on which to base decisions about long-term
storage of mine tailings from gold mines in Otago. Results are being used for that purpose."