(See attached file: Aussie_GDP_130308.pdf)
Sub-par growth of less than 3% in Australia in 2009
Several weeks ago, we lowered our forecast for Australian GDP growth for 2008 and 2009 owing to two main developments:
first, the unexpectedly assertive interest rate rises by the Reserve Bank (and the related, but disproportionately
large, rises in market interest rates) and, second, the spike in energy prices. Both developments will leave dents in
household disposable income and result in weaker consumer spending, which accounts for 60% of the economy. Also, on top
of these two factors, we lowered expected growth in export volumes, which have been unexpectedly slow to improve,
despite booming business investment, owing to the deterioration in conditions in Australia's major export markets and
lingering capacity constraints in ports, rail, power generation and, increasingly, labour markets. Indeed, net exports
again will subtract from GDP growth in 2008.
In the wake of this week's downgrades to JPMorgan's forecasts for global economic growth, however, we have further
downgraded our forecast for Australia's GDP growth for 2008 to 3.1% (from 3.4%). This time, the main transmission
mechanism will be softer export volume growth, owing mainly to the downgrades recently made to JPMorgan's growth
forecasts for the economies in Asia, which receive nearly 60% of Australia's exports. The additional and simultaneous
pain being inflicted on households by rising interest rates, plunging equity markets, declining confidence and high
energy prices, however, means we now look for Aussie GDP growth of just 2.7% in 2009 (down from 3.2%).
Previously, we had expected Australia's export volumes to rise 4.7% in 2008, and by a further 7.1% in 2009. With weaker
growth now expected in Australia's major trading partners, we have trimmed these export growth forecasts to 3.8% and
6.3%, respectively. That is, we still expect decent export volume growth (finally!) as the capacity constraints are
ironed out by the extension of the mining investment boom, but the upswing is less impressive than before. Partly
offsetting this weaker export growth profile, though, is our expectation of firmer growth in private investment - the
mining investment pipeline has become even more swollen by the entanglement of bureaucratic red tape and the lack of
available skills and equipment. More capex spending, therefore, relative to our earlier forecasts, will take place in
2008. The most recent survey of firms' investment intentions showed a 24% rise in planned spending for the year ended
June 2009.
Also, we have become more pessimistic about the outlook for Australian households which, until now, have rarely had it
so good. Indeed, the key supports for Australian households remain in place. First, the job market is extremely tight,
owing partly to the investment boom (chart), which has helped drive the jobless rate down to a 33-year low. Second, the
soaring terms of trade is providing a massive boost to national income, mainly as the government recycles booming
corporate tax receipts back to households via the personal tax system - the government remains committed to paying
another round of personal tax relief from July, even though this is likely to aggravate RBA officials trying to slow
growth in domestic demand to curb inflation.
On the flipside for households, though, key headwinds are becoming stronger. Record high crude oil prices will translate
into substantially higher petrol prices in coming months, the RBA's assertive rate hikes are starting to bite
(particularly for households in outer suburban areas of the big cities, where house prices are falling), plunging equity
prices will leave a significant dent in household wealth, the unemployment rate will start to rise in the latter part of
2008 as the investment backlog is worked off, and there now is talk of credit being rationed by the major banks. As a
result of these strengthening headwinds, predictably, consumer confidence has plunged precipitously to the lowest level
in 15 years.
Finally, the newly-elected Rudd Labor government has unleashed a razor gang to slash public spending. According to a
recent report by the Treasury, recent growth in public spending was the fastest since the aftermath of the last
recession in the early 1990s. We, therefore, have trimmed our forecast for growth in public spending to 3.7% in 2008
(down from 4.8%) and 2.8% in 2009 (down from 3.5%). Of the other components of GDP growth, we still expect dwelling
investment to rise as the housing shortfall is made up, but there probably will be a larger inventory correction as
firms attempt to boost working capital and lower costs by carrying less stock.
For the RBA, despite the Aussie growth downgrades and our forecast of more aggressive easing by other central banks, we
are sticking with our forecast for another 25bp rate hike by the RBA in early May, on the assumption that the 1Q CPI
print (in late April) will show inflation well above the RBA's 2-3% target range, with headline inflation running close
to 4%. That said, with the dysfunction in global money and credit markets getting worse (market interest rates again
have spiked well above cash) and, according to our US macro team, the US economy now in recession, the chances of the
RBA delivering a tightening in May have diminished. Even if the tightening cycle is over, the RBA probably will leave
the cash rate at the current 7.25% for an extended period to squeeze inflation from the economy - rate cuts are out of
the question given the dire inflation outlook.
The risks to our Australian growth forecasts are not symmetric. Unexpected strength in the global economy, relative to
our new forecasts, would deliver even firmer growth in Aussie exports and fuel further investment. On the flipside,
however, if we are over-estimating the strength of global growth, the negative impact on Australia will be acute, given
that most of the stimulus to growth in the real economy, employment, and national income is coming from the
export-oriented resource sector. Unexpectedly weak growth in Australia's major export markets, relative to our already
downgraded forecasts, would see our forecast growth in Aussie export volumes fail to materialize, investment in mining
and infrastructure being delayed or cancelled, which would be an anchor on employment growth, and the terms of trade
reversing as commodity prices fell.
A sustained terms of trade correction would be a substantial drag on national income growth - in particular, it would
squeeze the government's corporate tax collections and, therefore, imperil the government's ability to fund its promised
personal income tax cuts. In all likelihood, under this scenario, AUD would fall even faster than forecast as commodity
prices declined. This would exacerbate Australia's already chronic inflation problem, and could trigger even more
assertive rate hikes by the RBA. Clearly, this would be a dead weight on consumers. After many years in which booming
domestic demand more than offset a disappointing export performance, under the "perfect storm" described above,
Australia's external and domestic economies simultaneously would deteriorate and GDP growth in 2009 probably would be
well south of 2%.
Also, we have downgraded slightly our forecast for GDP growth in New Zealand in 2008 to 2.3% from 2.5% (we trimmed the
2009 forecast from 2.8% to 2.7%). Export growth will slow by more than previously expected under the weight of stronger
NZD and the weaker profile for global demand, and particularly in Australia, New Zealand's largest trading partner.
Private consumption growth will slow as record high interest rates, elevated petrol prices, and a turning housing market
rein in household spending. This is especially likely given that domestic banks recently have started to pass on higher
funding costs from credit market tightening, even though the official cash rate has remained steady since July 2007. The
RBNZ is likely to keep the cash rate unchanged for some time, owing to elevated inflation above the RBNZ's 1-3% target
range.
ENDS
Aussie_GDP_130308.pdf (full release with charts)